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According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 14 million adults aged 65 and older report experiencing a fall each year. This staggering statistic means that 1 in 4 older adults fall in the United States per year, a number that unfortunately has been on the rise.
Falls can be dangerous and expensive for seniors and are considered the leading cause of injury and injury-related deaths for adults aged 65 and older. Due to physical changes and conditions that typically accompany the aging process, the risk of experiencing a serious fall also tends to increase with age.
While frightening, falls do not have to be inevitable. As the weather grows brisk and leaves begin to pile up, autumn is the perfect time to review important safety tips that can help protect your aging loved one from a serious stumble. In this article, we will cover some common risk factors for falls, steps to prevent falls, and what to do if a fall occurs.
Common Risk Factors for Falls
Although falls can happen to anyone at any age, there are a number of risk factors associated with aging that can increase both the likelihood and the severity of a fall. For example, changes in eyesight, hearing, and muscle strength can impact a person’s ability to maintain their balance. Similarly, changes to a person’s reflexes might negatively affect their ability to catch themselves when they trip.
Certain medical conditions can heighten the risk of a fall. These conditions include diabetes, heart disease, blood vessel problems, Alzheimer’s and dementia, thyroid problems, vitamin D deficiency, nerve problems, muscle weakness or loss, difficulties with standing and walking, foot pain, and foot problems.
Certain medications can also increase the risk of a fall by causing dizziness, confusion, and trouble with balance. Sedatives, tranquilizers, antidepressants, and even some over-the-counter medicines are all capable of producing these side effects.
Sometimes, the risk of falling comes from external sources. Uneven steps, clutter on the floor, and other tripping hazards can quickly become a safety issue in the home.Wearing unsafe footwear, like backless slippers or heels that are too high, can further compound the problem.
Additional risk factors include blood pressure that drops too much or too fast, which can lead to dizziness and feeling faint, and previous falls. Previous falls are a significant risk factor, as falling once can double a person’s risk of falling again.
Typically, falls result from a combination of these risk factors, meaning the more risk factors your loved one experiences, the higher their risk for a fall. Fortunately, however, there are actions you can take to mitigate this risk.
Prioritizing Safety at Home
While some seniors choose to move to a senior living community, where senior safety is a top priority, others may not be ready to leave their home. If this is the case for your loved one, it is crucial to make any necessary safety upgrades to ensure they can move about their space safely in their golden years.
Clean up clutter
The easiest way to quickly improve the safety of your loved ones’ home is to clean up clutter and reduce tripping hazards. Make sure outdoor spaces are clear of seasonal debris, such as fallen leaves, and indoor spaces are clear of interior debris, such as clothing piles on the floor and electric cords. While putting things away, consider relocating frequently used items to places that are at waist level and easy to reach.
Keep stairs clear
Always keep all steps and staircases free of items. If stairs are a particular concern for your loved one, consider whether an affordable stairlift or downsizing to a one-story home could be an option. Keep stairwells well lit, with handrails on both sides.
Adapt decor
While each room of the house brings its own safety concerns, there are some general tips to keep in mind. Avoid decor that is prone to slips, such as throw rugs, small area rugs, and any bathroom decor not labeled “no-slip.” Be mindful of low furniture, like coffee tables and ottomans. If possible, arrange rooms so that furniture and other objects do not obstruct pathways.
Encourage safety awareness
Practice or help your senior loved one practice common safety precautions like avoiding wet or slippery surfaces when walking, being conscious of where pets are, and not standing on a chair or table to reach far-away items. It’s also helpful to have a list of emergency numbers easily accessible and saved under “favorites” on your loved one’s cellphone or your own device.
Additional Fall Prevention Measures
While maintaining a safe living space is key to preventing falls, there are a myriad of additional prevention measures that can benefit you and your loved one. Encourage your elder loved ones to get enough sleep and routinely get their sight and hearing checked.
Regular exercise and strength training exercises, such as yoga, Pilates, and tai chi, can build up balance and muscle strength. Don’t be afraid to seek out accessible exercises and use assistive devices like walkers and canes if you need them. Use caution by standing up slowly and keeping your hands free, especially on stairs.
Talk to your doctor about medication side effects, previous falls, and any other concerns. Finally, be cautious in wet or icy conditions, and consider staying inside if the weather is bad.
What To Do If a Fall Occurs
A sudden fall can be shocking and upsetting. Whether you are the one who fell, or you witnessed an older loved one fall, the first step is to stay calm.
If you fell, stay still and take several deep breaths to recover from the shock of the fall. Check to see if you are hurt before moving. If you are hurt or can’t get up on your own, ask someone for help or call 911. If you feel like you can get up safely without help, slowly get on your hands and knees, take breaks to let your body and blood pressure adjust, and crawl over to a sturdy chair. Slowly sit down in the chair by getting into a kneeling position, carefully rising, and turning your body. Even if you don’t feel hurt, make sure to talk to a doctor about your fall.
If you witnessed a fall, stay calm, and ignore your instinct to get the person up immediately. If they are hurt, determine the severity, and call 911 or their physician. Proceed with care and caution, assisting the person as necessary if they are able to get into a chair.
Maintaining Safety & Independence
Although falls can be alarming, taking actions to prevent them and knowing what to do when they occur can go a long way.
Is your loved one considering transitioning to senior living after a fall? Is their home environment putting them at risk for falls? Are significant renovations needed to maintain a loved one’s safety and independence?
A senior living community can offer numerous fall prevention benefits and enhanced peace of mind for both seniors and their caregivers. Contact us today to learn more about our senior living options and how a supportive community can help you keep your loved one safe.
To find out how United Methodist Homes provides a wealth of offerings and opportunities to support the health and well-being of our residents, contact us today or schedule a complimentary visit now.
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